1 00:00:06,800 --> 00:00:12,113 Rome's emperors, sometimes brilliant, sometimes mad. 2 00:00:14,360 --> 00:00:16,669 All of them powerful. 3 00:00:16,800 --> 00:00:19,951 But Rome wasn't always ruled by these dictators. 4 00:00:21,080 --> 00:00:24,231 Once it was a largely democratic society. 5 00:00:24,360 --> 00:00:29,036 Its leaders were elected, and no one could hold too much power. 6 00:00:30,560 --> 00:00:35,918 They called it the Republic, and it lasted for 500 years. 7 00:00:38,320 --> 00:00:42,029 So why did Rome give up on this apparently fair society 8 00:00:42,160 --> 00:00:44,151 and turn to the emperors? 9 00:00:45,160 --> 00:00:50,280 It's a story that begins with a small boy a long, long time ago. 10 00:01:13,080 --> 00:01:17,073 Jupiter, god of our ancestors, 11 00:01:18,440 --> 00:01:22,433 behold, in death, your most trustworthy soldier, 12 00:01:23,160 --> 00:01:26,789 Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, 13 00:01:27,760 --> 00:01:32,038 statesman, general, despiser of kings, 14 00:01:32,720 --> 00:01:35,188 champion of our great Republic! 15 00:01:41,640 --> 00:01:45,315 Young Tiberius, your father will be praised 16 00:01:45,440 --> 00:01:48,193 as long as Rome is remembered. 17 00:02:03,120 --> 00:02:06,112 In an age before Rome was ruled by emperors, 18 00:02:06,240 --> 00:02:10,597 young Tiberius Gracchus had been brought up to respect his father's principles 19 00:02:10,720 --> 00:02:12,836 of honour and Justice. 20 00:02:15,000 --> 00:02:19,152 But in Just 20 years, he will die defending his father's ideals. 21 00:02:23,040 --> 00:02:26,271 Murdered by the aristocrats standing behind him. 22 00:02:32,920 --> 00:02:37,835 His crime, starting a revolution so powerful, it changed Rome forever, 23 00:02:39,240 --> 00:02:43,518 setting it on the path to its greatest triumphs and worst excesses. 24 00:02:46,760 --> 00:02:50,435 He was a great man, Tiberius. Don't be sad. 25 00:02:52,000 --> 00:02:54,594 You can be even greater one day. 26 00:02:59,560 --> 00:03:02,358 Gracchus, Gracchus. 27 00:04:15,680 --> 00:04:18,558 Tiberius Gracchus was to make his first mark on history 28 00:04:18,680 --> 00:04:21,672 Just ten years after his father's death. 29 00:04:22,560 --> 00:04:27,315 Rome was preparing for the final assault on its arch rival, Carthage. 30 00:04:30,440 --> 00:04:32,237 The Republic's hopes for victory 31 00:04:32,360 --> 00:04:35,796 rested on the shoulders of General Scipio Aemilianus. 32 00:04:35,920 --> 00:04:38,957 Laelius, you will be ready to advance your units along this front, 33 00:04:39,080 --> 00:04:42,152 - immediately I give the command. No delays. - Yes, Consul. 34 00:04:42,280 --> 00:04:45,750 You won't learn anything from over there, Tiberius. 35 00:04:48,880 --> 00:04:51,075 Gentlemen, my brother-in-law. 36 00:04:52,520 --> 00:04:54,829 Then we launch the final attack, 37 00:04:55,920 --> 00:04:59,708 and whoever scales the wall first will win the golden crown. 38 00:05:02,480 --> 00:05:05,313 The Roman people have waited long enough. 39 00:05:06,160 --> 00:05:11,598 Tomorrow, we'll assert justice over tyranny, decency over a barbaric people. 40 00:05:12,560 --> 00:05:17,680 It will be a victory for civilisation, for Rome and the Republic. 41 00:05:18,160 --> 00:05:19,878 The Republic! 42 00:05:22,520 --> 00:05:24,272 Nervous? 43 00:05:24,400 --> 00:05:27,233 I don't want to make a mess of it. 44 00:05:27,360 --> 00:05:29,430 And I want to be first over the wall tomorrow. 45 00:05:31,720 --> 00:05:34,712 Your mother would be very proud. She has great hopes for you. 46 00:05:34,840 --> 00:05:36,796 I hope I don't let you all down. 47 00:05:37,480 --> 00:05:40,950 You won't. You have your father's blood in your veins. 48 00:06:05,200 --> 00:06:07,236 Jupiter, give me strength. 49 00:06:13,680 --> 00:06:14,874 We're with you, sir. 50 00:06:19,040 --> 00:06:21,429 The two superpowers, Rome and Carthage, 51 00:06:21,560 --> 00:06:24,552 had been locked in conflict for 120 years. 52 00:06:28,720 --> 00:06:32,554 Now, the victor would take control of the ancient world. 53 00:06:35,360 --> 00:06:38,716 Come on, men. Give them hell! 54 00:07:13,200 --> 00:07:15,873 That's it! That's it! Pull harder! 55 00:07:26,040 --> 00:07:29,396 Come on! Up the ladder! Come on! 56 00:08:14,520 --> 00:08:16,431 Look out, sir. 57 00:08:33,400 --> 00:08:38,997 Inside the city walls, the Romans became locked in a bitter fight for every street. 58 00:09:09,520 --> 00:09:12,956 To break the deadlock, Aemilianus ordered the city to be burnt. 59 00:09:22,080 --> 00:09:26,119 Ancient sources describe how the streets ran with blood. 60 00:09:32,200 --> 00:09:38,036 But eventually, after six days of brutal fighting, the Carthaginians surrendered. 61 00:10:00,800 --> 00:10:04,588 This is your day, Tiberius. Hold your head high. 62 00:10:14,640 --> 00:10:15,959 You did it. 63 00:10:17,560 --> 00:10:20,199 If only your father could see you now. 64 00:10:24,640 --> 00:10:27,632 Rome is proud of her son. 65 00:10:35,560 --> 00:10:37,278 We have triumphed. 66 00:10:37,400 --> 00:10:42,235 From now on, nothing can challenge the power of Rome! 67 00:10:43,800 --> 00:10:47,713 But we're not finished. I want this damn city taken apart. 68 00:10:48,240 --> 00:10:51,835 Reduce it to dust. And we'll plough the dust with salt, 69 00:10:52,200 --> 00:10:56,432 so not even weeds will grow in memory of Carthage. 70 00:11:10,400 --> 00:11:13,949 Carthage was utterly razed to the ground. 71 00:11:14,080 --> 00:11:17,868 In a few months, nothing was left of this great civilisation. 72 00:11:18,920 --> 00:11:22,754 Its wealth was looted, and its survivors sold into slavery. 73 00:11:24,200 --> 00:11:27,715 Rome would now reign supreme for the next 600 years. 74 00:11:30,040 --> 00:11:35,353 But its rulers'greed was sowing the seeds of the Republic's ultimate destruction. 75 00:11:58,960 --> 00:12:00,712 Tiberius returned to a city 76 00:12:00,840 --> 00:12:05,550 that hardly seemed worthy of its new position as capital of the ancient world. 77 00:12:07,360 --> 00:12:10,796 While the rich were growing fat on the spoils from Carthage, 78 00:12:10,920 --> 00:12:14,310 Rome's streets were overflowing with the poor. 79 00:12:25,000 --> 00:12:29,198 How disgusting. Why do they keep coming into the city? 80 00:12:48,520 --> 00:12:51,034 Ah, Cornelia. Welcome. How are you? 81 00:12:51,160 --> 00:12:52,388 Nasica. 82 00:12:53,000 --> 00:12:56,629 You must see what Aemilianus has brought me from Carthage. 83 00:13:01,040 --> 00:13:02,268 It's exquisite. 84 00:13:02,400 --> 00:13:05,756 Mmm, pity they won't be making any more. 85 00:13:06,280 --> 00:13:09,158 The journey here was so frightening. 86 00:13:09,280 --> 00:13:12,078 Soon we won't be able to go out at night if they keep flooding in. 87 00:13:12,200 --> 00:13:16,159 Hmm, most of them do nothing for a living. Rome's become a cesspit. 88 00:13:16,280 --> 00:13:18,316 - Ah, Aemilianus. - Nasica. 89 00:13:18,760 --> 00:13:20,159 I was saying to Cornelia, 90 00:13:20,440 --> 00:13:24,513 Rome's overflowing with the unwashed these days and I blame you. 91 00:13:24,640 --> 00:13:26,790 Blame me? Why, what have I done? 92 00:13:26,920 --> 00:13:30,356 Destroyed the one thing that kept the plebs in their place. 93 00:13:30,480 --> 00:13:32,277 Oh, and what's that? 94 00:13:33,520 --> 00:13:35,317 The fear of Carthage. 95 00:13:46,000 --> 00:13:51,074 Nothing like the fear of an enemy to keep the plebs under control. 96 00:13:53,080 --> 00:13:56,993 Perhaps, Nasica, we should create a new enemy, 97 00:13:57,120 --> 00:14:00,078 a new fear to put them back in their place. 98 00:14:00,720 --> 00:14:03,837 That's not a bad idea by your standards, Pulcher. 99 00:14:03,960 --> 00:14:07,748 Carthage didn't just keep the plebs under control, 100 00:14:07,880 --> 00:14:09,757 it kept us all in our place. 101 00:14:09,880 --> 00:14:14,635 Now it's over, there's nothing to stop some in their relentless pursuit 102 00:14:14,760 --> 00:14:16,671 of wealth and power. 103 00:14:16,800 --> 00:14:19,758 Don't be such a sanctimonious old bore. 104 00:14:22,840 --> 00:14:24,159 Come on. 105 00:14:29,440 --> 00:14:31,556 What do you mean? 106 00:14:32,160 --> 00:14:34,674 We have a responsibility, 107 00:14:36,320 --> 00:14:40,359 a duty to take care of those less fortunate than ourselves. 108 00:14:44,560 --> 00:14:48,439 Fail, and the Republic falls apart. 109 00:15:04,040 --> 00:15:08,909 Tiberius, like most citizens, was a firm believer in the Roman Republic. 110 00:15:12,360 --> 00:15:13,713 For 400 years, 111 00:15:13,840 --> 00:15:19,710 this largely democratic society had tried to achieve peace and stability for all. 112 00:15:20,600 --> 00:15:25,469 But now, the growing gap between rich and poor threatened its foundations. 113 00:15:31,480 --> 00:15:33,277 Do you like that one? 114 00:15:36,000 --> 00:15:38,753 You need to be wiser, Tiberius. 115 00:15:38,880 --> 00:15:41,713 I saw you talking to Pulcher last night. 116 00:15:43,000 --> 00:15:44,752 - What's wrong with Pulcher? - Huh! 117 00:15:44,880 --> 00:15:47,872 He's got principles. What he says makes a lot of sense. 118 00:15:48,000 --> 00:15:49,797 He is not to be trusted. 119 00:15:49,920 --> 00:15:53,833 So who would you have me trust, Mother? Nasica? 120 00:15:53,960 --> 00:15:55,757 He doesn't care about anyone but himself. 121 00:15:55,880 --> 00:15:59,998 You be careful, Tiberius. This idealism will get you enemies. 122 00:16:03,480 --> 00:16:07,314 So what are you saying? That I should sacrifice my principles? 123 00:16:08,880 --> 00:16:11,030 Is that what my father did? 124 00:16:11,160 --> 00:16:13,799 Of course you must have principles. 125 00:16:13,920 --> 00:16:17,913 But if you don't get the power first, nobody will ever listen to you. 126 00:16:18,040 --> 00:16:22,556 Oh, Tiberius, you have the ability to become a great leader. 127 00:16:23,760 --> 00:16:27,389 I don't want to be known as the mother-in-law of Aemilianus. 128 00:16:27,520 --> 00:16:30,990 I want to be known as the mother of Tiberius Gracchus. 129 00:16:41,920 --> 00:16:47,472 Tiberius hoped to satisfy his mother's expectations with further military glory. 130 00:16:47,600 --> 00:16:51,673 He set off with reinforcements, to help crush a rebellion in Spain. 131 00:17:11,400 --> 00:17:15,393 Leave the cart! No! Please. No... 132 00:17:16,440 --> 00:17:19,318 Stop. No, my son. 133 00:17:20,840 --> 00:17:23,149 What's going on here? 134 00:17:23,280 --> 00:17:26,477 Tell them not to break the cart. It's all we have. 135 00:17:34,400 --> 00:17:37,278 How are we going to get to Rome now? 136 00:17:37,760 --> 00:17:40,911 They've taken our farm! Everything we've worked for! 137 00:17:41,040 --> 00:17:44,919 - Who's taken your farm? - I lost my husband fighting for your lot! 138 00:17:45,040 --> 00:17:50,398 We've no money, no food, nothing! What am I supposed to do? You tell me! 139 00:17:55,000 --> 00:17:56,479 Mend the cart. 140 00:17:57,800 --> 00:17:59,313 Give them food. 141 00:18:10,880 --> 00:18:11,915 Tiberius. 142 00:18:12,040 --> 00:18:14,793 Octavius. Good to see you. 143 00:18:15,600 --> 00:18:18,910 - How long's it been? - Too long. Come in. 144 00:18:21,240 --> 00:18:23,435 Do you remember all he used to serve you was that piss water? 145 00:18:23,560 --> 00:18:25,596 And I loved it. Although it was worse than piss water. 146 00:18:25,720 --> 00:18:29,349 - This, mercifully, is a little better. - I should bloody hope so. 147 00:18:29,480 --> 00:18:31,038 It's not yours? 148 00:18:31,800 --> 00:18:33,472 Grown right here. 149 00:18:35,360 --> 00:18:37,271 Bring more, lots more. 150 00:18:38,200 --> 00:18:40,509 You should try farming. 151 00:18:41,680 --> 00:18:44,114 You can make a fortune out here. 152 00:18:44,400 --> 00:18:46,197 Just grab some land. 153 00:18:49,440 --> 00:18:51,192 Just grab some land? 154 00:18:51,320 --> 00:18:53,151 Just grab some land. 155 00:18:54,160 --> 00:18:57,869 Do you know, I met a family coming here. Someone had grabbed their land. 156 00:18:58,000 --> 00:19:01,117 - The woman was screaming the place down. - She's a pain in the arse. 157 00:19:01,240 --> 00:19:02,958 - You know her? - Yes. 158 00:19:03,080 --> 00:19:05,310 Everybody round here knows her. 159 00:19:05,440 --> 00:19:07,317 So who took her farm? 160 00:19:12,760 --> 00:19:14,079 Octavius? 161 00:19:14,200 --> 00:19:17,909 Well, the army took her husband. Hmm? 162 00:19:19,080 --> 00:19:22,038 Anyway, where am I going to plant my grapes? 163 00:19:25,720 --> 00:19:30,396 - Well, how many other farms have you taken? - Oh, come on, I'm not the only one. 164 00:19:30,520 --> 00:19:33,034 You can't just take someone's land. 165 00:19:35,800 --> 00:19:39,588 - What's going to happen to that family? - I don't know. 166 00:19:39,720 --> 00:19:43,030 Go to Rome. Find their fortune. 167 00:19:43,160 --> 00:19:45,151 Why should I care? 168 00:19:49,080 --> 00:19:51,389 You don't give a shit, do you? 169 00:19:53,160 --> 00:19:55,594 Tiberius, come, have another drink. 170 00:19:56,280 --> 00:19:57,918 I don't think so. 171 00:19:59,680 --> 00:20:01,910 We're leaving for Spain early. 172 00:20:09,440 --> 00:20:14,309 It wasn't Just a few, but thousands of farmers who had lost their land. 173 00:20:14,640 --> 00:20:17,871 The rich landowners had brought in slaves to replace them. 174 00:20:18,000 --> 00:20:19,718 Many from Carthage. 175 00:20:35,080 --> 00:20:36,513 When he reached Spain, 176 00:20:36,640 --> 00:20:40,872 Tiberius fought the same tribe his father had confronted 40 years earlier, 177 00:20:41,000 --> 00:20:42,513 the Numantines. 178 00:20:48,680 --> 00:20:54,437 But this time there was no chance for glory. Battle after battle was lost to the fierce warriors. 179 00:20:59,080 --> 00:21:01,753 The campaign was a disaster. 180 00:21:05,000 --> 00:21:10,597 Consul Mancinus, the luckless commander, tried to lead his 20,000 troops to safety. 181 00:21:13,320 --> 00:21:16,676 But his entire army was surrounded by the barbarians. 182 00:21:18,920 --> 00:21:23,948 Facing annihilation, Mancinus's only option was to send out a peace envoy. 183 00:21:28,160 --> 00:21:30,628 Why is he taking so bloody long? 184 00:21:53,360 --> 00:21:55,351 They refuse to negotiate. 185 00:21:55,960 --> 00:21:59,794 - Then we're all dead. - No. They won't negotiate with me. 186 00:22:00,440 --> 00:22:02,556 - Only Tiberius. - What? 187 00:22:04,840 --> 00:22:06,319 I can't allow it. 188 00:22:06,440 --> 00:22:11,560 I can't put the lives of 20,000 Romans into the hands of a junior officer. 189 00:22:12,680 --> 00:22:14,955 What alternative is there, sir? 190 00:22:15,800 --> 00:22:18,439 What are they trying to do? 191 00:22:21,880 --> 00:22:23,552 It must be a trap. 192 00:22:24,320 --> 00:22:25,469 Sir? 193 00:22:33,280 --> 00:22:34,554 Go then. 194 00:23:03,440 --> 00:23:06,796 Why should I let you go? We could kill you all. 195 00:23:07,960 --> 00:23:09,712 Why don't you, then? 196 00:23:10,880 --> 00:23:13,155 Because of your father. 197 00:23:13,280 --> 00:23:17,319 We fought him a long time, but he finally made peace with us. 198 00:23:17,440 --> 00:23:19,192 Can you do the same? 199 00:23:21,000 --> 00:23:23,719 - Yes. But my terms are... - Your terms? 200 00:23:25,040 --> 00:23:30,034 My terms are that you free our men and allow them to return in safety. 201 00:23:30,960 --> 00:23:33,076 And what do we get? 202 00:23:35,520 --> 00:23:38,557 Equality with Rome, and a lasting peace. 203 00:23:39,720 --> 00:23:41,756 Rome will agree to that? 204 00:23:41,880 --> 00:23:44,348 I speak for Rome as my father did. 205 00:23:46,080 --> 00:23:47,957 Give me your oath. 206 00:23:50,240 --> 00:23:54,313 By Jupiter Lapis, I swear I will keep my word. 207 00:24:00,680 --> 00:24:04,195 And if I fail, may I be cast out as this stone is now. 208 00:24:12,800 --> 00:24:16,873 Your father never betrayed us. I know you won't either. 209 00:24:35,800 --> 00:24:37,870 Tiberius returned to Rome 210 00:24:38,000 --> 00:24:42,232 and to a hero's welcome from the families of the soldiers he'd saved. 211 00:24:46,880 --> 00:24:50,998 But then he and Mancinus were summoned to appear before the Senate. 212 00:24:57,640 --> 00:24:59,596 Prepare yourself. 213 00:25:19,560 --> 00:25:23,758 How is it, members of the Senate, I ask myself, 214 00:25:24,480 --> 00:25:27,074 that our great Republic, 215 00:25:28,040 --> 00:25:31,271 supreme power in all the world, 216 00:25:32,400 --> 00:25:34,118 now finds itself 217 00:25:34,240 --> 00:25:39,268 asked to ratify a treaty with these barbarians? 218 00:25:41,560 --> 00:25:44,028 Please, consider the... 219 00:25:44,160 --> 00:25:45,639 Speak up. 220 00:25:45,760 --> 00:25:48,593 Please consider the situation we were in. 221 00:25:49,160 --> 00:25:51,674 It was the only chance we had to get out alive! 222 00:25:51,800 --> 00:25:54,598 Alive? I don't understand. 223 00:25:56,200 --> 00:25:58,998 Better killed in the glorious action 224 00:25:59,120 --> 00:26:02,510 than skulking away with your tail between your legs. 225 00:26:04,240 --> 00:26:06,071 Or maybe you're dead. 226 00:26:06,840 --> 00:26:11,755 This is your ghost and this preposterous treaty is all a nightmare. 227 00:26:17,560 --> 00:26:19,835 We can't let this treaty stand. 228 00:26:23,320 --> 00:26:25,914 It was an oath made before the gods. 229 00:26:27,960 --> 00:26:29,996 The Senate must honour it. 230 00:26:31,320 --> 00:26:34,676 You should have thought about that before, young man. 231 00:26:37,120 --> 00:26:40,078 What you are doing will dishonour Rome. 232 00:26:42,080 --> 00:26:45,959 The only way we can show the gods and the Numantines 233 00:26:46,080 --> 00:26:50,551 that we reject this treaty is to punish those who made it. 234 00:26:51,840 --> 00:26:57,278 I say send Mancinus and his officer, Tiberius, back to the Numantines, 235 00:26:58,080 --> 00:27:00,913 stripped naked and bound in chains. 236 00:27:07,080 --> 00:27:10,356 Let's remember who the real culprit is here. 237 00:27:10,480 --> 00:27:16,430 This young officer was only obeying the orders of an incompetent general. 238 00:27:17,840 --> 00:27:21,071 And it is Mancinus, and Mancinus alone, 239 00:27:21,400 --> 00:27:23,755 who should face the Numantines! 240 00:27:45,880 --> 00:27:48,758 Tiberius, you have to see it from their point of view. 241 00:27:48,880 --> 00:27:50,916 They're doing what's best for Rome. 242 00:27:51,040 --> 00:27:54,555 Best for Rome? To break an oath made to the gods? 243 00:27:54,680 --> 00:27:58,753 It's not that simple. You put them in an impossible position. 244 00:27:58,880 --> 00:28:01,075 I saved thousands of lives. 245 00:28:01,200 --> 00:28:03,634 You are lucky that Aemilianus stepped in to save you. 246 00:28:05,160 --> 00:28:07,435 I've told him you'll apologise. 247 00:28:08,640 --> 00:28:11,279 - Apologise? - Yes, Tiberius. 248 00:28:12,200 --> 00:28:16,159 You've embarrassed me and the family in front of the whole Senate. 249 00:28:16,280 --> 00:28:20,876 Apologise to Aemilianus and maybe he'll help to restore your reputation. 250 00:28:23,240 --> 00:28:25,117 Mother, 251 00:28:27,920 --> 00:28:31,356 I have no reputation, 252 00:28:31,960 --> 00:28:35,748 no future, no hope, no honour. 253 00:28:36,240 --> 00:28:40,119 I am utterly disgraced. 254 00:28:44,320 --> 00:28:45,514 I have nothing. 255 00:28:45,640 --> 00:28:48,518 Stop it! I will not have this whining. 256 00:28:49,360 --> 00:28:52,113 You will go to Aemilianus and you will apologise. 257 00:28:52,240 --> 00:28:56,153 And you will restore this family's honour. Do you understand? 258 00:29:09,960 --> 00:29:14,431 The walls at Carthage were much higher. I could cross these in one leap. 259 00:29:14,560 --> 00:29:18,872 - Ah, what do you think? The walls are too low. - Why didn't you support me? 260 00:29:19,000 --> 00:29:21,389 What do you mean, support you? I saved you, Tiberius. 261 00:29:21,520 --> 00:29:23,317 Saved me? 262 00:29:24,120 --> 00:29:28,113 - You've finished me. - You made a fool of yourself in the Senate. 263 00:29:29,080 --> 00:29:30,911 I made a sacred oath. 264 00:29:32,440 --> 00:29:35,113 I thought you were an honourable man. 265 00:29:36,760 --> 00:29:40,469 In Carthage, you said that we fought for truth and justice. 266 00:29:42,160 --> 00:29:43,388 Or have you forgotten? 267 00:29:43,520 --> 00:29:47,229 I stuck my neck out for you, and this is how you thank me? 268 00:29:47,360 --> 00:29:50,909 Well, now I have to go to Spain to clear your mess up. 269 00:29:51,920 --> 00:29:53,797 So you have forgotten. 270 00:29:55,440 --> 00:29:59,956 I had high hopes for you, Tiberius. I thought you'd become a great leader. 271 00:30:00,440 --> 00:30:02,874 But you're not your father's son. 272 00:30:37,200 --> 00:30:38,758 Gracchus! 273 00:30:39,480 --> 00:30:41,357 You saved my son! 274 00:31:02,520 --> 00:31:05,114 You see how easy it is to get to you? 275 00:31:06,160 --> 00:31:10,278 I'm sorry, sir, but I had to show you. You need protection. 276 00:31:11,160 --> 00:31:14,550 I know about these things, sir, and I can help you. 277 00:31:14,680 --> 00:31:17,194 When you become important, you make a lot of enemies, 278 00:31:17,320 --> 00:31:19,311 and the people need you. 279 00:31:19,440 --> 00:31:21,317 You're a hero to them. 280 00:31:22,280 --> 00:31:24,999 - I'm not a hero. - You are to my people. 281 00:31:26,360 --> 00:31:31,912 My name is Matho. I'll watch your back. I'll be loyal, sir. Not like the Senate. 282 00:31:34,640 --> 00:31:39,634 He's not seeing anyone today. So go back to your homes. He won't see you! 283 00:31:40,440 --> 00:31:42,271 He'll see me. 284 00:31:54,560 --> 00:31:57,279 I told him you weren't seeing anybody. 285 00:31:57,400 --> 00:31:59,118 Why are you here? 286 00:31:59,800 --> 00:32:02,872 What you said in the Senate was true. 287 00:32:03,640 --> 00:32:04,834 Didn't help, did it? 288 00:32:04,960 --> 00:32:09,192 But you were right. Rome is dishonoured if it doesn't keep its word. 289 00:32:10,640 --> 00:32:14,474 If you really believe that, you could still make a difference. 290 00:32:16,040 --> 00:32:18,474 Why not run for political office? 291 00:32:19,440 --> 00:32:21,795 Stand for Tribune of the People. 292 00:32:24,280 --> 00:32:25,349 Tribune? 293 00:32:25,480 --> 00:32:28,313 Of the people whose lives you've saved. 294 00:32:28,440 --> 00:32:31,750 Those soldiers and their families will support you. 295 00:32:32,560 --> 00:32:35,279 They've been waiting for someone like you, 296 00:32:35,400 --> 00:32:38,995 someone to stand up for them, someone to fight for them. 297 00:32:39,720 --> 00:32:42,712 If we don't curb the excesses of senators like Nasica, 298 00:32:42,840 --> 00:32:44,876 we could face a civil war. 299 00:32:51,480 --> 00:32:53,072 Gracchus! 300 00:32:57,320 --> 00:32:59,311 Tiberius ran for Tribune. 301 00:32:59,440 --> 00:33:03,069 Each year, ten were elected to defend the people's rights. 302 00:33:04,760 --> 00:33:08,150 But many were Just political pawns of the Senate. 303 00:33:16,120 --> 00:33:18,509 So what difference will you make? 304 00:33:19,760 --> 00:33:21,318 I can help you. 305 00:33:24,000 --> 00:33:25,319 From here across the line... 306 00:33:25,440 --> 00:33:28,591 I can get back your land, your farms. 307 00:33:32,840 --> 00:33:37,470 And why should we believe you? - Because we're on the same side. 308 00:33:38,800 --> 00:33:42,713 I know what they're like. I've been treated badly by them too. 309 00:33:44,000 --> 00:33:48,869 As Tribune, I can pass new laws that will give land back to you. 310 00:33:50,120 --> 00:33:53,510 I promise you, I'll keep my word. 311 00:34:00,040 --> 00:34:01,632 I said, on! On! 312 00:34:03,120 --> 00:34:04,314 Come across. 313 00:34:04,440 --> 00:34:05,998 I said, on! On! 314 00:34:06,120 --> 00:34:08,475 Hurry up, or you'll lose them! 315 00:34:12,640 --> 00:34:15,279 What he's proposing is outrageous. 316 00:34:15,400 --> 00:34:18,517 All our hard work making the land profitable, 317 00:34:19,600 --> 00:34:22,319 now it'll go to the lazy, bloody poor. 318 00:34:23,080 --> 00:34:28,313 My ancestors are buried here. My father's grave is on this land. 319 00:34:30,160 --> 00:34:32,151 I can't just give it up to some peasant. 320 00:34:32,280 --> 00:34:34,271 Well, there's nothing the Senate can do. 321 00:34:34,400 --> 00:34:36,834 If he wins, he can pass his laws. 322 00:34:37,560 --> 00:34:39,596 We can't touch a Tribune. 323 00:34:40,280 --> 00:34:43,158 Hey, move across! Across! 324 00:34:44,920 --> 00:34:48,310 No, but another Tribune can. Eh? 325 00:34:49,360 --> 00:34:52,830 Octavius, champion of the plebs. 326 00:34:55,680 --> 00:34:59,309 I don't want to get involved. Tiberius is a good friend. 327 00:34:59,680 --> 00:35:01,557 Was. 328 00:35:03,680 --> 00:35:07,832 There, there they go, look. Off you go. Move! 329 00:35:13,480 --> 00:35:16,153 You'll make a lot of powerful enemies. 330 00:35:17,360 --> 00:35:19,794 You're going to have a hard fight. 331 00:35:24,320 --> 00:35:27,392 Maybe we should seal our alliance. 332 00:35:29,000 --> 00:35:32,356 What would you say to bringing our families together? 333 00:35:33,360 --> 00:35:36,158 You know my daughter, Claudia. 334 00:35:37,840 --> 00:35:39,478 I'd be honoured. 335 00:36:28,360 --> 00:36:33,275 Tiberius's political marriage was swiftly followed by election victory. 336 00:36:35,480 --> 00:36:37,994 Gracchus, Gracchus. 337 00:36:48,400 --> 00:36:52,188 There are more farmers in Rome today than in the country! 338 00:36:52,320 --> 00:36:54,595 More farmers, more votes! 339 00:36:59,640 --> 00:37:01,471 Tribune Tiberius Gracchus 340 00:37:01,600 --> 00:37:05,798 now asked the People's Assembly to vote on his radical land reform. 341 00:37:09,360 --> 00:37:13,558 All domestic laws had to be passed by this open-air gathering. 342 00:37:13,680 --> 00:37:16,433 But Tiberius had broken with convention. 343 00:37:16,560 --> 00:37:20,030 He had snubbed the Senate by not consulting it first. 344 00:37:23,680 --> 00:37:28,708 Octavius, congratulations. I'm so pleased. I never thought you'd stand as Tribune. 345 00:37:38,440 --> 00:37:40,237 Tiberius Gracchus. 346 00:37:56,960 --> 00:38:01,715 Citizens of the Republic, even a wild animal has a cave to live in, 347 00:38:03,520 --> 00:38:06,637 but many of you have nowhere to call your own. 348 00:38:10,320 --> 00:38:13,915 They expect you to die protecting Rome. 349 00:38:16,040 --> 00:38:19,669 But whose homeland are you defending when you have none? 350 00:38:19,800 --> 00:38:21,597 This must stop! 351 00:38:29,920 --> 00:38:31,990 So I'm proposing new laws, 352 00:38:33,320 --> 00:38:37,552 laws that will take back the land from those who have too much 353 00:38:37,680 --> 00:38:41,593 and give it back to the people who need it the most. 354 00:38:42,160 --> 00:38:44,116 Citizens, let us vote. 355 00:38:46,040 --> 00:38:48,793 Gracchus, Gracchus. 356 00:39:04,520 --> 00:39:07,592 Tribunes, are you agreed the people can vote? 357 00:39:08,520 --> 00:39:09,748 Agreed. 358 00:39:10,680 --> 00:39:12,352 Agreed. 359 00:39:13,520 --> 00:39:14,839 Agreed. 360 00:39:14,960 --> 00:39:16,188 Agreed. 361 00:39:20,360 --> 00:39:21,475 Veto! 362 00:39:28,040 --> 00:39:29,473 Can he veto? 363 00:39:29,600 --> 00:39:31,989 Any Tribune can stop the vote. 364 00:39:33,960 --> 00:39:36,155 Octavius, what are you doing? 365 00:39:37,720 --> 00:39:39,438 That's my answer. 366 00:39:43,320 --> 00:39:48,189 Magistrate, Octavius and I have to discuss things. I need more time. 367 00:39:48,760 --> 00:39:50,796 We'll come back tomorrow. 368 00:40:00,520 --> 00:40:02,033 Wait outside. 369 00:40:03,320 --> 00:40:04,912 I might need you. 370 00:40:11,120 --> 00:40:13,554 Take care, you bloody idiot! 371 00:40:18,760 --> 00:40:20,990 Here comes our hero. 372 00:40:21,800 --> 00:40:23,916 Have you reconsidered, Octavius? 373 00:40:24,040 --> 00:40:27,237 Oh, yes. He's thought about it for many hours. 374 00:40:28,720 --> 00:40:30,995 Will you use your veto tomorrow? 375 00:40:34,840 --> 00:40:38,116 You'll cause chaos. There'll be riots. 376 00:40:39,640 --> 00:40:44,156 Ah, the mob are with you for the moment. And then they're against you. 377 00:40:45,520 --> 00:40:47,078 Get on with it. 378 00:40:48,080 --> 00:40:50,116 They're not to be trusted. 379 00:40:51,840 --> 00:40:53,114 My feet. 380 00:40:53,240 --> 00:40:54,832 He's using you. 381 00:40:54,960 --> 00:40:59,317 Well, you're no different. Hmm? 382 00:41:00,400 --> 00:41:03,870 This is all about politics, Tiberius. 383 00:41:04,000 --> 00:41:08,357 I've got a future in the Senate. Even if you haven't. 384 00:41:11,000 --> 00:41:12,911 I pity you. 385 00:41:19,640 --> 00:41:24,156 Get everyone you know and make sure they come to the assembly tomorrow. 386 00:41:49,080 --> 00:41:52,038 Tribunes, are you agreed the people can vote? 387 00:41:54,640 --> 00:41:55,755 Veto! 388 00:42:04,760 --> 00:42:05,875 Wait. 389 00:42:06,880 --> 00:42:10,031 Wait. Wait, calm yourselves. 390 00:42:15,840 --> 00:42:18,115 Proceed with the daily business. 391 00:42:20,080 --> 00:42:23,959 Tribunes, are you agreed we can open the law courts? 392 00:42:24,600 --> 00:42:26,556 Veto! Continue. 393 00:42:34,080 --> 00:42:37,868 The courts are shut, order of Tribune Tiberius Gracchus. 394 00:42:38,280 --> 00:42:40,794 Gracchus, Gracchus. 395 00:42:44,360 --> 00:42:47,909 Tribunes, are you agreed we can open the Public Treasury? 396 00:42:48,280 --> 00:42:50,271 Veto! Continue. 397 00:42:58,520 --> 00:43:00,750 The Public Treasury is closed. 398 00:43:02,240 --> 00:43:05,835 Tribunes, are you agreed the markets can open? 399 00:43:06,440 --> 00:43:07,555 Veto. 400 00:43:11,480 --> 00:43:12,595 Veto. 401 00:43:15,680 --> 00:43:16,749 Veto. 402 00:43:18,240 --> 00:43:21,277 - Can he do this? - Yes, he can, the little shit. 403 00:43:55,200 --> 00:43:58,795 No one had ever used the mob in this way before. 404 00:43:59,280 --> 00:44:04,035 Tiberius had brought the hub of this huge empire to a standstill. 405 00:44:11,000 --> 00:44:14,117 - Why didn't you tell me you were planning this? - There wasn't time. 406 00:44:14,240 --> 00:44:17,152 Can I propose a vote to remove Octavius as Tribune? 407 00:44:17,280 --> 00:44:19,635 Remove Octavius? On what grounds? 408 00:44:20,280 --> 00:44:24,273 That he's an enemy of the people. He's deliberately going against their wishes. 409 00:44:24,400 --> 00:44:27,551 In theory, yes. But, Tiberius, wait. 410 00:44:28,320 --> 00:44:30,231 Just stop for a moment! 411 00:44:33,760 --> 00:44:36,069 Think where all this is leading. 412 00:44:36,960 --> 00:44:40,919 The balance between the Senate and the people is a delicate one. 413 00:44:41,040 --> 00:44:44,999 Give them too much power and Rome will tip into anarchy. 414 00:44:46,320 --> 00:44:51,030 Why don't you save your lecture for Octavius? He's the one stopping them vote. 415 00:44:52,600 --> 00:44:56,229 These people need me. They speak through me. 416 00:44:59,080 --> 00:45:01,719 And no one is going to stand in my way. 417 00:45:02,680 --> 00:45:03,954 No one. 418 00:45:17,640 --> 00:45:19,198 Mother. 419 00:45:26,560 --> 00:45:29,028 What are you doing to poor Octavius? 420 00:45:31,320 --> 00:45:34,312 Well, I'm afraid he's brought that on himself. 421 00:45:34,600 --> 00:45:37,433 You grew up together. He's your friend. 422 00:45:38,920 --> 00:45:41,912 Not if he goes against the will of the people. 423 00:45:42,200 --> 00:45:44,589 Do you really believe all of that? 424 00:45:45,240 --> 00:45:46,992 Will of the people? 425 00:45:47,400 --> 00:45:48,879 Of course I do. 426 00:45:49,040 --> 00:45:52,316 Or is it your own will you're really interested in? 427 00:45:52,920 --> 00:45:53,989 Well? 428 00:45:55,480 --> 00:45:58,233 I'm bringing justice to every citizen. 429 00:45:58,360 --> 00:46:01,750 I'm doing what Father did. Isn't that what you want? 430 00:46:01,880 --> 00:46:06,317 Not if it's going to destroy our own class, and the family's reputation. 431 00:46:09,680 --> 00:46:13,116 You can't have heard what they're saying about me then. 432 00:46:14,760 --> 00:46:16,239 I'm their hero. 433 00:46:19,360 --> 00:46:22,955 You wanted to be known as the mother of Tiberius Gracchus. 434 00:46:28,520 --> 00:46:30,158 Well, now you are. 435 00:46:35,560 --> 00:46:38,120 Gracchus, Gracchus. 436 00:46:41,280 --> 00:46:44,431 Tiberius won the vote to depose Octavius. 437 00:46:44,560 --> 00:46:47,870 Without his veto, the land reform quickly became law. 438 00:46:52,160 --> 00:46:54,071 He's won. 439 00:46:54,200 --> 00:46:55,394 Not yet. 440 00:47:11,440 --> 00:47:17,072 This is not about helping the poor. This is about power, absolute power. 441 00:47:17,920 --> 00:47:20,354 And he's using the mob to seize it. 442 00:47:20,560 --> 00:47:23,313 How far does he intend to go? 443 00:47:23,440 --> 00:47:26,796 You mean does he want to rule Rome? Eh? 444 00:47:28,320 --> 00:47:30,436 Does he want to be king? 445 00:47:30,560 --> 00:47:33,996 I certainly believe that, and I think others will too. 446 00:47:35,120 --> 00:47:37,714 Tiberius? King of Rome? 447 00:47:41,520 --> 00:47:43,112 The people won't stand for it. 448 00:47:43,240 --> 00:47:45,196 No, they won't, Octavius. 449 00:47:46,120 --> 00:47:47,439 They won't. 450 00:47:54,760 --> 00:47:59,038 And it's our duty... Our duty to help the people understand 451 00:47:59,160 --> 00:48:02,038 that's exactly what Tiberius intends to do. 452 00:48:11,480 --> 00:48:13,072 Have you had your lands back? 453 00:48:13,200 --> 00:48:14,315 No! 454 00:48:14,440 --> 00:48:15,668 No? 455 00:48:15,800 --> 00:48:21,591 Well, maybe the tyrant Tiberius is keeping them for himself. 456 00:48:21,720 --> 00:48:24,837 He has lied to you. 457 00:48:25,560 --> 00:48:26,515 Lied! 458 00:48:26,640 --> 00:48:31,589 He has been seen wearing royal robes. And a crown. 459 00:48:32,520 --> 00:48:38,550 The royal crown he intends to wear as King of Rome. 460 00:48:41,200 --> 00:48:46,593 We must stop Tiberius before he makes himself king, 461 00:48:47,280 --> 00:48:49,635 and makes us all his slaves! 462 00:48:49,760 --> 00:48:51,796 Yes! - Yes! 463 00:48:51,920 --> 00:48:53,831 Yes! - Yes! 464 00:48:57,400 --> 00:49:00,995 The attack against Tiberius could not have been more damaging. 465 00:49:01,120 --> 00:49:05,591 Romans believed passionately that no individual should hold so much power. 466 00:49:05,960 --> 00:49:10,351 In the Republic, there was no greater sin than wanting to be king. 467 00:49:14,480 --> 00:49:17,995 Soon his time as Tribune runs out. 468 00:49:18,840 --> 00:49:22,435 And when he is no longer protected by his office, 469 00:49:23,360 --> 00:49:26,955 then I will prosecute him for treason. 470 00:49:27,240 --> 00:49:28,639 Hear, hear. 471 00:49:31,040 --> 00:49:33,600 And demand his execution. 472 00:49:59,800 --> 00:50:01,995 This is your fault. 473 00:50:03,160 --> 00:50:07,517 It's because they think you want to be king. Isn't that right, Matho? 474 00:50:11,280 --> 00:50:12,349 Well? 475 00:50:13,360 --> 00:50:15,749 That's what they're saying, madam. 476 00:50:18,280 --> 00:50:20,430 And what do you think, Matho? 477 00:50:26,200 --> 00:50:28,316 Matho! Come back! 478 00:50:35,640 --> 00:50:37,835 Rome was on the brink of civil war. 479 00:50:37,960 --> 00:50:40,235 On one side, Tiberius's supporters, 480 00:50:40,360 --> 00:50:44,114 on the other, those who believed he was a tyrant in waiting. 481 00:51:08,480 --> 00:51:10,755 - Where's Matho? - I don't know. 482 00:51:29,840 --> 00:51:31,034 Claudia? 483 00:51:35,920 --> 00:51:37,353 There you are. 484 00:51:41,760 --> 00:51:42,988 Sit down. 485 00:51:59,080 --> 00:52:01,071 Look at what they've done. 486 00:52:02,160 --> 00:52:04,196 The Senate want your blood. 487 00:52:05,840 --> 00:52:07,558 When your term as Tribune is over, 488 00:52:07,680 --> 00:52:11,389 they want to put you on trial for crimes against the Republic. 489 00:52:11,520 --> 00:52:13,670 They want the death sentence. 490 00:52:20,880 --> 00:52:23,030 Then I'll run for a second term. 491 00:52:23,160 --> 00:52:26,232 Tribunes are only allowed one year. You know that. 492 00:52:26,360 --> 00:52:30,148 I can win them round. The people will see I'm still on their side. 493 00:52:30,280 --> 00:52:31,838 Father, please. 494 00:52:31,960 --> 00:52:35,509 - Tiberius, it's against the law. - There's so much more to do. 495 00:52:35,640 --> 00:52:37,596 I'm planning new reforms. 496 00:52:37,720 --> 00:52:39,392 You're tearing Rome apart! 497 00:52:39,520 --> 00:52:41,556 The people will protect me. 498 00:52:46,960 --> 00:52:48,439 Listen to them. 499 00:53:07,080 --> 00:53:08,832 Can you win tomorrow? 500 00:53:10,440 --> 00:53:13,910 Well, whether you win or lose, the Senate will never let you get away with it. 501 00:53:14,040 --> 00:53:16,235 Why have you done this? 502 00:53:16,360 --> 00:53:21,275 Not even my worst enemy has given me so much trouble, so much pain as you. 503 00:53:26,160 --> 00:53:30,392 Have you really done this for the good of the people, or for yourself? 504 00:53:39,560 --> 00:53:41,312 I've done it for you. 505 00:54:25,240 --> 00:54:26,753 Citizens, order! 506 00:54:26,880 --> 00:54:32,238 Today we vote on the re-election of Tiberius Gracchus 507 00:54:32,360 --> 00:54:34,828 as Tribune of the People. 508 00:54:39,000 --> 00:54:44,120 This election is illegal. Tiberius Gracchus is starting a revolution. 509 00:54:45,920 --> 00:54:48,388 We must break up this election. 510 00:54:48,520 --> 00:54:51,432 We don't have the right. We can't interfere. 511 00:54:51,560 --> 00:54:55,838 No right? What right has he to overthrow us? 512 00:55:04,040 --> 00:55:06,190 Matho, where have you been? 513 00:55:07,240 --> 00:55:10,357 If I need you, I'll point to my head like this. 514 00:55:10,920 --> 00:55:12,273 Like this. 515 00:55:22,160 --> 00:55:24,549 I have the gravest news for you. 516 00:55:25,520 --> 00:55:27,476 At this very moment, 517 00:55:28,160 --> 00:55:31,232 Tiberius is proclaiming himself king. 518 00:55:33,520 --> 00:55:36,318 He has indicated to his aides 519 00:55:37,280 --> 00:55:39,555 to bring the royal crown. 520 00:55:41,520 --> 00:55:43,988 Now is the time to act. 521 00:55:46,400 --> 00:55:48,516 He wants to be king. 522 00:55:49,280 --> 00:55:50,679 Kill him. 523 00:55:51,480 --> 00:55:53,630 Kill him, kill him. 524 00:55:57,920 --> 00:56:02,277 It is our duty to the gods, to the people. 525 00:56:02,760 --> 00:56:05,228 We must protect the Republic. 526 00:56:06,480 --> 00:56:07,799 Kill him! 527 00:56:07,920 --> 00:56:10,434 Kill him, kill him. 528 00:56:23,000 --> 00:56:24,638 Matho! 529 00:57:06,640 --> 00:57:09,757 There was no funeral for Tiberius Gracchus, 530 00:57:09,880 --> 00:57:11,950 no grand orations, 531 00:57:12,080 --> 00:57:14,514 his body dumped in the river Tiber. 532 00:57:18,520 --> 00:57:21,830 Nasica was forced to flee Rome and died in exile. 533 00:57:24,560 --> 00:57:27,757 Aemilianus was recalled from Spain to restore order, 534 00:57:27,880 --> 00:57:30,678 but was murdered by Tiberius's supporters. 535 00:57:32,960 --> 00:57:35,633 Cornelia achieved her greatest wish. 536 00:57:35,760 --> 00:57:39,036 She became known as the mother of Tiberius Gracchus, 537 00:57:39,320 --> 00:57:42,676 and revered as the ideal of Roman motherhood. 538 00:57:47,040 --> 00:57:49,634 But Tiberius had changed Rome forever. 539 00:57:50,360 --> 00:57:53,158 His murder unleashed the power of the mob. 540 00:57:53,680 --> 00:57:57,514 It would take 100 years to pull Roman society back together, 541 00:57:57,640 --> 00:58:00,837 and a new type of leader, the Emperor. 542 00:58:04,960 --> 00:58:07,269 Next on Ancient Rome... 543 00:58:07,400 --> 00:58:09,675 Emperor Constantine. 544 00:58:09,800 --> 00:58:13,998 A story of love, ambition and treachery. 545 00:58:14,600 --> 00:58:18,752 After hundreds of years of peace, Rome collapsed into civil war, 546 00:58:18,880 --> 00:58:23,510 but one man and a new religion would change not Just the empire, 547 00:58:23,640 --> 00:58:26,313 but the Western world... forever. 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